rsync 命令

常用示例

说明

rsync is a fast, versatile file copying tool that synchronizes files between locations. It uses a delta-transfer algorithm, transmitting only differences between source and destination, making it efficient for incremental backups and mirrors. The trailing slash on source paths is significant: source/ copies contents, while source copies the directory itself. This is a common source of confusion. Rsync can operate locally or over a network using SSH (default), RSH, or its own daemon protocol. For remote transfers, format is user@host:path or rsync://user@host/path for daemon mode. The -a (archive) flag is commonly used as it preserves permissions, timestamps, symbolic links, and recurses into directories—suitable for most backup scenarios.

参数

-a, --archive

Archive mode; equals -rlptgoD (recursive, links, perms, times, group, owner, devices)

-v, --verbose

Increase verbosity

-z, --compress

Compress file data during transfer

-n, --dry-run

Show what would be transferred without making changes

--delete

Delete files in destination that don't exist in source

--exclude=_pattern_

Exclude files matching pattern

--include=_pattern_

Include files matching pattern (after excludes)

--progress

Show progress during transfer

-P

Same as --partial --progress

--partial

Keep partially transferred files

-r, --recursive

Recurse into directories

-u, --update

Skip files newer on destination

-c, --checksum

Compare by checksum, not mod-time & size

-e _command_

Specify remote shell to use (e.g., -e ssh)

--bwlimit=_KBPS_

Limit bandwidth in KB/s

-h, --human-readable

Output numbers in human-readable format