vzdump 命令

常用示例

说明

vzdump is a backup utility for Proxmox VE virtual machines (KVM) and containers (LXC). It creates consistent backups that can be restored later using qmrestore (VMs) or pct restore (containers). Three backup modes are available: snapshot (default, minimal downtime using LVM/ZFS/QEMU snapshots), stop (highest consistency, stops the guest during backup), and suspend (legacy compatibility mode). Backups are stored in /var/lib/vz/dump/ by default, or to a configured Proxmox storage.

参数

--mode _MODE_

Backup mode: snapshot (default, minimal downtime), stop (highest consistency, VM stops), or suspend (compatibility).

--dumpdir _DIR_

Store resulting backup files in DIR instead of the default location.

--storage _STORAGE_ID_

Store resulting backup files to the specified Proxmox storage.

--mailto _EMAIL_

Send notification email to address. Deprecated in favor of notification system.

--all

Backup all known guest systems on the host.

--exclude _VMIDS_

Exclude specified VM IDs (assumes --all).

--pool _POOL_

Backup all guest systems in the specified pool.

--compress _TYPE_

Compression type: 0 (none, default), gzip, lzo, or zstd.

--zstd _N_

Zstandard thread count (default: 1). 0 uses half of available cores.

--pigz _N_

Use parallel gzip. N=1 uses half of available cores; N>1 uses N threads.

--prune-backups _RETENTION_

Retention policy (e.g., keep-last=N,keep-daily=N,keep-weekly=N,keep-monthly=N,keep-yearly=N). Default: keep-all=1.

--maxfiles _N_

Deprecated. Maximum number of backup files per VM. Use --prune-backups instead.

--protected

Mark backup as protected to prevent automatic removal.

--bwlimit _KiB/s_

Limit I/O bandwidth in KiB/s (default: 0, unlimited).

--ionice _N_

Set IO priority (0-8) when using the BFQ scheduler (default: 7).

--tmpdir _DIR_

Store temporary files in DIR.

--lockwait _MIN_

Maximum minutes to wait for the global lock (default: 180).

--stopwait _MIN_

Maximum minutes to wait until the guest system stops (default: 10).

--script _FILE_

Execute hook script during backup.

--notes-template _TEMPLATE_

Template for backup notes. Variables: {{vmid}}, {{guestname}}, {{node}}, {{cluster}}.

--quiet

Suppress verbose output.

--stdexcludes

Exclude temporary files and logs (default: enabled).