Linux command
xargs 命令
文件
涉及管道、覆盖或删除，执行前请先确认路径和参数。
常用示例
Run command with arguments from stdin
echo [file1 file2] | xargs rm
Use custom delimiter
echo "[a:b:c]" | xargs -d ":" echo
Run with placeholder
find . -name "*.txt" | xargs -I {} cp {} [/backup/]
Run in parallel
find . -name "*.jpg" | xargs -P [4] -I {} convert {} {}.png
Handle filenames with spaces
find . -name "*.txt" -print0 | xargs -0 rm
Limit arguments per command
echo {1..100} | xargs -n [10] echo
Prompt before execution
find . -name "*.tmp" | xargs -p rm
Skip execution if input is empty
echo "" | xargs -r echo "not empty"
说明
xargs builds and executes commands from standard input. It converts input into arguments for a command, handling batching, parallelization, and argument limits. By default, xargs appends all input as arguments to a single command invocation. The -n option limits arguments per invocation, running the command multiple times. The -I flag enables argument placement anywhere in the command. {} (or any placeholder) is replaced with each input item. This runs the command once per input item. Parallel execution (-P) runs multiple commands simultaneously. Combined with -n or -I, this processes items concurrently, utilizing multiple CPU cores. Null-delimited input (-0) handles filenames with spaces, newlines, or special characters safely. Use with find -print0 or similar tools. Without -r, xargs runs the command even with empty input. The -r flag prevents this, useful when empty input would cause errors.
参数
- -I _REPLACE_
- Replace string in command.
- -n _NUM_, --max-args _NUM_
- Maximum arguments per command.
- -P _NUM_, --max-procs _NUM_
- Parallel processes.
- -0, --null
- Input items are null-terminated.
- -d _DELIM_, --delimiter _DELIM_
- Input delimiter character.
- -p, --interactive
- Prompt before each execution.
- -t, --verbose
- Print commands before execution.
- -r, --no-run-if-empty
- Don't run if input is empty.
- -L _NUM_, --max-lines _NUM_
- Use NUM lines per command.
- -s _NUM_, --max-chars _NUM_
- Maximum command line length.
- -a _FILE_, --arg-file _FILE_
- Read arguments from file.
- -x, --exit
- Exit if command line too long.
- --show-limits
- Show system limits.
FAQ
What is the xargs command used for?
xargs builds and executes commands from standard input. It converts input into arguments for a command, handling batching, parallelization, and argument limits. By default, xargs appends all input as arguments to a single command invocation. The -n option limits arguments per invocation, running the command multiple times. The -I flag enables argument placement anywhere in the command. {} (or any placeholder) is replaced with each input item. This runs the command once per input item. Parallel execution (-P) runs multiple commands simultaneously. Combined with -n or -I, this processes items concurrently, utilizing multiple CPU cores. Null-delimited input (-0) handles filenames with spaces, newlines, or special characters safely. Use with find -print0 or similar tools. Without -r, xargs runs the command even with empty input. The -r flag prevents this, useful when empty input would cause errors.
How do I run a basic xargs example?
Run `echo [file1 file2] | xargs rm` in a terminal, then adjust file names, paths, flags, or remote targets for your system.
What does -I _REPLACE_ do in xargs?
Replace string in command.